Percentage Formulas with Examples
1. Percentage of a number
Result = Number × Percent ÷ 100
Example: a 15% tip on a 60 bill → 60 × 15 ÷ 100 = 9.
2. X is what percent of Y
Percent = X ÷ Y × 100
Example: you scored 42 out of 50 → 42 ÷ 50 × 100 = 84%.
3. Percentage change
Change % = (New − Old) ÷ Old × 100
Example: price rose from 80 to 100 → (100 − 80) ÷ 80 × 100 = +25%. Note that a 25% increase followed by a 25% decrease does not return to the original value — percentages are always relative to the starting number.